{"id":17973,"date":"2024-09-22T16:08:09","date_gmt":"2024-09-22T15:08:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/drugprevent.org.uk\/ppp\/?p=17973"},"modified":"2024-10-22T20:18:09","modified_gmt":"2024-10-22T19:18:09","slug":"how-programs-for-youth-could-stem-the-tide-of-toxic-drug-deaths","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/drugprevent.org.uk\/ppp\/2024\/09\/how-programs-for-youth-could-stem-the-tide-of-toxic-drug-deaths\/","title":{"rendered":"How Programs for Youth Could Stem the Tide of Toxic Drug Deaths"},"content":{"rendered":"<header class=\"article__header\" data-dev-object-descrip=\"organisms\/article\/article__header\" data-dev-status=\"IN-PROGRESS\">\n<div class=\"container-fluid\">\n<h4 data-bind=\"teaser\">School-based interventions hold the potential to save lives, researchers say.<\/h4>\n<div class=\"author-info clearfix\" data-dev-object-descrip=\"molecules\/text\/author-info\">\n<div class=\"author-info__text\">\n<p><a class=\"contrib-link\" title=\"Bio page for Charlotte Waddell\" href=\"https:\/\/thetyee.ca\/Bios\/Charlotte_Waddell\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Charlotte Waddell<\/a>,\u00a0<a class=\"contrib-link\" title=\"Bio page for Christine Schwartz\" href=\"https:\/\/thetyee.ca\/Bios\/Christine_Schwartz\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Christine Schwartz<\/a>,\u00a0<a class=\"contrib-link\" title=\"Bio page for Jen Barican\" href=\"https:\/\/thetyee.ca\/Bios\/Jen_Barican\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Jen Barican<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a class=\"contrib-link\" title=\"Bio page for Nicole Catherine\" href=\"https:\/\/thetyee.ca\/Bios\/Nicole_Catherine\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Nicole Catherine<\/a>\u00a0<span class=\"author-info__date\"><span data-bind=\"date\">16 Aug 2024<\/span>The Conversation<\/span>Charlotte Waddell is a professor emerita of health sciences at Simon Fraser University, where Christine Schwartz is an adjunct professor and Nicole L.A. Catherine is a professor. Jen Barican is a senior research manager at SFU. This article was\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/early-prevention-programs-for-children-could-help-end-the-opioid-crisis-235760\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">originally published<\/a> by the Conversation.<\/p>\n<p>Successful drug prevention programs delivered to middle-school students taught skills such as resisting peer pressure, managing stress and cultivating positive friendships. <span class=\"caption__media--credit\">Illustration via Shutterstock.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/header>\n<article class=\"article__body main-col-container\" data-dev-object-descrip=\"organisms\/article\/article__body\" data-dev-status=\"IN-PROGRESS\">\n<div class=\"container-fluid clearfix \">\n<p>Can a program for Grade 7 students help end the opioid crisis? The answer is yes, according to\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/childhealthpolicy.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/RQ-18-24-spring.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">compelling research findings<\/a>\u00a0on school-based primary prevention interventions.<\/p>\n<aside class=\"aside hide-on-narrow-vp\" data-dev-object-descrip=\"01-molecules\/blocks\/aside\" data-dev-status=\"IN-PROGRESS\">\n<div class=\"presents-box text-block-container\" data-dev-object-descrip=\"01-molecules\/blocks\/presents-box\" data-dev-status=\"IN-PROGRESS\">\n<h5><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">As noted by the Canadian Centre on Substance Use and Addiction, the <\/span><a style=\"font-size: 16px;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ccsa.ca\/sites\/default\/files\/2021-06\/CCSA-Canada-Opioid-Crisis-What-You-Should-Know-Poster-2021-en.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">opioid crisis<\/a><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u00a0is \u201ca complex public health issue devastating the lives of many Canadians and their families who are experiencing accidental overdose or death from opioids.\u201d<\/span><\/h5>\n<\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<p>To address this crisis, many of Canada\u2019s\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/health-canada\/services\/opioids\/federal-actions\/overview.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">responses<\/a>\u00a0to the opioid crisis still focus downstream on adults, after problems have started or become entrenched.<\/p>\n<p>In contrast, primary prevention operates upstream in childhood \u2014 before most young people start engaging in substance use, misuse or experimentation.<\/p>\n<p>As researchers concerned with helping children avoid opioid misuse, we conducted a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/childhealthpolicy.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/RQ-18-24-spring.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">systematic review<\/a>\u00a0of prevention programs designed for this purpose.<\/p>\n<aside class=\"aside \" data-dev-object-descrip=\"01-molecules\/blocks\/aside\" data-dev-status=\"IN-PROGRESS\">\n<section id=\"sidebar_ab\" class=\"messaging-block messaging-block--ask\" data-dev-object-descrip=\"01-molecules\/blocks\/messaging-block--ask\" data-dev-status=\"IN-PROGRESS\">\n<div id=\"sidebar_a\">We found two programs that stood out for their success in preventing opioid misuse. Both were delivered to children in middle school and tested using rigorous evaluation methods, namely, randomized controlled trials.<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/aside>\n<p><strong>Interventions that could save lives<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The program\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2105\/AJPH.2012.301209\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Strengthening Families<\/a>\u00a0significantly reduced prescription opioid misuse among young people in Iowa and Pennsylvania, with benefits lasting up to 14 years after the program ended.<\/p>\n<p>The impact was also large, reducing misuse by\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2105\/AJPH.2012.301209\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">65 per cent<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1100\/2012\/316029\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Project PATHS<\/a>, the other successful program, which was delivered in Hong Kong, significantly reduced heroin use with benefits lasting up to two years later. And each time these programs prevented a young person from misusing opioids, they potentially saved a life.<\/p>\n<p>Beyond intervening early, both of these successful programs shared other similarities. Children learned enduring skills such as resisting peer pressure, managing stress and cultivating positive friendships.<\/p>\n<p>Teaching multiple skills that children could apply throughout their development likely played a role in the programs\u2019 long-term success \u2014 and likely contributed to other positive outcomes including reducing cannabis and ecstasy use.<\/p>\n<p>Both program evaluations also highlighted the ability to reach very large numbers of children, using school delivery. These numbers were about 12,000 for Strengthening Families and about 8,000 for Project PATHS.<\/p>\n<p>These numbers suggest that new Canadian school-based prevention efforts could potentially reach thousands of young people. With such a substantial population impact, these programs hold great promise to reduce many\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41572-019-0137-5\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">harms<\/a>\u00a0associated with the opioid crisis \u2014 including not only deaths but also criminal activity and distress for individuals misusing opioids and their families.<\/p>\n<p>These two school-based programs have another significant feature adding to their appeal for delivery in Canada. Training for facilitators is very brief \u2014 only two days for Strengthening Families and three days for Project PATHS.<\/p>\n<p>The short training time also helps reduce delivery costs, further increasing the appeal for policymakers and school administrators.<\/p>\n<div id=\"om-zgkxmlgjhlof9uej4hco-holder\" class=\"hide-print\" data-toggle=\"modal\">\n<div id=\"om-zgkxmlgjhlof9uej4hco\" class=\"movico-campaign Campaign CampaignType--inline\">\n<div id=\"om-zgkxmlgjhlof9uej4hco-optin\" class=\"movico-c-canvas Campaign__canvas\">\n<div class=\"movico-c-wrapper Campaign__innerWrapper\">\n<div class=\"StyledBackgroundWrapper__BackgroundWrapper-sc-4136c0-0 fStTIQ movico-c-alpha Campaign__alphaLayer\">\n<div class=\"StyledBackgroundWrapper__BackgroundWrapper-sc-4136c0-0 brbwAg movico-c-bravo Campaign__bravoLayer\">\n<div class=\"movico-c-content Campaign__content\">\n<div class=\"Row__StyledRow-sc-3p43ya-0 gWmuIY movico-row movico-row-1 Row om-row\">\n<div class=\"movico-row-content Row__content\">\n<div class=\"StyledBackgroundWrapper__BackgroundWrapper-sc-4136c0-0 hVluvJ movico-row-inner\">\n<div class=\"movico-column movico-col-1 Column om-column\">\n<div class=\"movico-col-content Column__content\">\n<div class=\"StyledBackgroundWrapper__BackgroundWrapper-sc-4136c0-0 hVluvJ movico-col-inner\">\n<div class=\"movico-element movico-ele-1 Element om-element\">\n<div class=\"movico-ele-content Element__content\">\n<div id=\"movico-TextElement--wrapper--PVQtCIwdVjMFqTEPZKvx\" class=\"movico-te-wrapper movico-TextElement--wrapper \">\n<div class=\"movico-te-content movico-TextElement--content\"><strong>In Canada, we need such programs. And evaluations<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>Yet program benefits do not always translate\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurpub\/ckw082\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">between countries<\/a>. So Canadian evaluations would be an important component to accompany implementation of either or both programs.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/preventureprogram.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">PreVenture<\/a>, a school-based program developed by a clinical psychologist and researcher at the University of Montreal, is a good example of expanding both prevention and evaluation efforts.<\/p>\n<p>Researchers from across Canada are currently assessing whether this program can avert opioid use with\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cusptrial.ca\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">youth<\/a>\u00a0in British Columbia, Ontario and Nova Scotia \u2014 building on its success with decreasing alcohol problems as well as the number of drugs that youth used in an RCT in the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2009.173\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">United Kingdom<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>If successful,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/preventureprogram.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">PreVenture<\/a>\u00a0could also be expanded so that fewer Canadian children experience the devastating effects of the opioid crisis.<\/p>\n<p>Research has highlighted important gains that Canadians can achieve by investing in school-based prevention programs.<\/p>\n<p>To realize these benefits, however, leadership is needed at the provincial and territorial levels given that schools fall within these jurisdictions.<\/p>\n<p>Yet the federal government can also take strong leadership, for example, encouraging these types of primary prevention efforts across the country \u2014 as they have done with previous important\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbc.ca\/news\/politics\/first-covid-19-vaccines-arrive-sunday-1.6257409\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">child health problems<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Prevention needs to be central to the approach<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The federal government has\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/health-canada\/services\/opioids\/federal-actions\/overview.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">committed<\/a>\u00a0more than a billion dollars since 2017 to address the toxic drug problem \u2014 paralleled by\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www2.gov.bc.ca\/assets\/gov\/overdose-awareness\/mmha_escalating_bcs_response_report_final_26feb.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">provincial and territorial funding<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>But a policy shift towards meaningful prevention also requires tackling the realities of current Canadian health spending priorities. While last November, the federal government called for proposals for \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/public-health\/news\/2023\/11\/government-of-canada-to-support-projects-aimed-at-helping-prevent-and-decrease-substance-use-related-harms-among-young-people.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">projects<\/a>\u00a0aimed at helping prevent and decrease substance use-related harms among young people,\u201d such efforts need to be backed by rigorous evaluation methods such as RCTs.<\/p>\n<p>And the programs we describe above have RCT support \u2014 suggesting that these are a place to start.<\/p>\n<aside class=\"aside \" data-dev-object-descrip=\"01-molecules\/blocks\/aside\" data-dev-status=\"IN-PROGRESS\">\n<div class=\"related-story accent-color--border\" data-dev-object-descrip=\"01-molecules\/blocks\/related-story\" data-dev-status=\"IN-PROGRESS\">\n<div class=\"story-item \">In addition, only <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cihi.ca\/en\/national-health-expenditure-trends-2023-snapshot#%22%22\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">6.1 per cent<\/a>\u00a0of health spending in 2023 went towards public health including prevention, a long-standing pattern. So concerted, co-ordinated and collaborative efforts are needed within and across every policy level and jurisdiction.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<p>Devastation from the opioid crisis is obviously continuing. Efforts to respond to the acute crisis must therefore also continue \u2014 including ensuring access to effective treatments for all in need and curtailing the supply of toxic substances.<\/p>\n<p>But primary prevention also needs to be central in the public health responses, given that continuing increases in treatment spending have not been enough and will likely never be enough on their own. Primary prevention is a crucial but underused component of a comprehensive public health approach.<\/p>\n<p>Most importantly, new primary prevention efforts can increase the chances of more young people experiencing the healthy development that they deserve, in turn precluding much suffering and many costs later in life \u2014 while meeting the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/sites\/default\/files\/crc.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">collective duty of care<\/a>\u00a0that all Canadians share for all children.<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/counter.theconversation.com\/content\/235760\/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic\" alt=\"The Conversation\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" \/><\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Source: https:\/\/www.thetyee.ca\/Analysis\/2024\/08\/16\/Programs-Youth-Toxic-Drug-Deaths\/<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/article>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>School-based interventions hold the potential to save lives, researchers say. Charlotte Waddell,\u00a0Christine Schwartz,\u00a0Jen Barican\u00a0and\u00a0Nicole Catherine\u00a016 Aug 2024The ConversationCharlotte Waddell is a professor emerita of health sciences at Simon Fraser University, where Christine Schwartz is an adjunct professor and Nicole L.A. Catherine is a professor. Jen Barican is a senior research manager at SFU. This article [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[16,41,62,40,61],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-17973","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-canada","category-drug-use-effects-on-foetus","category-education","category-prevention-research","category-youth"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/drugprevent.org.uk\/ppp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17973","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/drugprevent.org.uk\/ppp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/drugprevent.org.uk\/ppp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/drugprevent.org.uk\/ppp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/drugprevent.org.uk\/ppp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17973"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/drugprevent.org.uk\/ppp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17973\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/drugprevent.org.uk\/ppp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17973"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/drugprevent.org.uk\/ppp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=17973"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/drugprevent.org.uk\/ppp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=17973"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}