{"id":19788,"date":"2025-08-03T16:58:02","date_gmt":"2025-08-03T15:58:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/drugprevent.org.uk\/ppp\/?p=19788"},"modified":"2025-10-21T20:54:57","modified_gmt":"2025-10-21T19:54:57","slug":"a-brief-history-of-drug-prevention","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/drugprevent.org.uk\/ppp\/2025\/08\/a-brief-history-of-drug-prevention\/","title":{"rendered":"A Brief History of Drug Prevention"},"content":{"rendered":"<blockquote><p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #ff6600; font-size: 14pt;\">OPENING REMARK BY NDPA:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">Dianova presents itself as a &#8220;<em>Swiss NGO recognized as a Public Utility organization, committed to social progress&#8221;.\u00a0<\/em>Examination of their publications places them as an organisation which is less committed to primary prevention than to reactive approaches, such as harm reduction. A telling quote in this context comes in their publication entitled<\/span><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><em> &#8220;<\/em><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><em>Between Music and Substances: a Look at Drug Use at Festivals&#8221;<\/em> <\/span>&#8230; <span style=\"color: #ff6600; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\">they introduce this by saying <\/span><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">&#8220;<\/span><em><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Drug use is a common occurrence at most music festivals: how can we promote self-care and harm reduction among participants?&#8221;<\/span> &#8211; <\/em><span style=\"color: #ff6600; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\">there is no mention of prevention as a policy option.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; color: #ff6600;\">In their &#8216;history&#8217; Dianova take a position found not infrequently in some other other critics of prevention i.e. any prevention program which does not achieve 100% success is deemed a failure &#8230; but no such assessment is made of reactive or accepting policies.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">In this publication they dismiss the &#8216;Just Say No&#8217; program as<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><em>&#8220;&#8230;<span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: georgia, palatino, serif;\">focusing mainly on white, middle-class children, it simply pointed the finger at others, particularly black communities, who were held responsible for the problem.&#8221; <\/span><\/span><\/em><span style=\"color: #ff6600; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">And yet immediately below this statement they include a photo of a White House &#8216;Just Say No&#8217; rally, with Nancy Regan surrounded by black youngsters.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; color: #ff6600;\">Dianova make judgemental remarks &#8211; without supporting evidence &#8211; in several places, and NDPA take would issue with several of these, but we have elected to retain this paper complete with their judgemental remarks, to illustrate their position on the &#8216;history&#8217; as they see it.<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<header class=\"article-header entry-header article-header--publications\">\n<div class=\"article-header__data\">\n<h1 class=\"entry-title article-header__single-title\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;\">by<strong><em>\u00a0the Dianova.org team<\/em><\/strong> &#8211;\u00a0<time class=\"updated entry-time\" datetime=\"2025-07-27\">27\/07\/2025<\/time><\/span><\/h1>\n<\/div>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"article-header__image\"><\/div>\n<div><a href=\"https:\/\/drugprevent.org.uk\/ppp\/2025\/08\/a-brief-history-of-drug-prevention\/prev-dictionary\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-19794\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-19794\" src=\"https:\/\/drugprevent.org.uk\/ppp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/pREV-DICTIONARY.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"774\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drugprevent.org.uk\/ppp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/pREV-DICTIONARY.png 774w, https:\/\/drugprevent.org.uk\/ppp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/pREV-DICTIONARY-640x331.png 640w, https:\/\/drugprevent.org.uk\/ppp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/pREV-DICTIONARY-768x397.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 774px) 100vw, 774px\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<section class=\"entry-content cf entry-reset\">\n<div class=\"entradilla\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;\"><em>From the early 20th century to the present day, an overview of the origins of drug use prevention, past mistakes and the current situation in this field<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;\"><strong><em>By the Dianova team<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 Over the past 40 years, prevention has become a key focus of public intervention in many areas, including responses to social issues such as alcohol and other drug use. Prevention strategies are now most often part of a comprehensive approach combining prevention, treatment and harm reduction, and taking into account the needs of people who use drugs and those of society as a whole.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;\">These initiatives are developed on the basis of applied research in the humanities and social sciences, and their implementation and evaluation are based on scientifically validated strategies designed to answer one key question:\u00a0<em>do they work?<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_112607\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drugprevent.org.uk\/ppp\/2025\/08\/a-brief-history-of-drug-prevention\/happy-kids\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-19795\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-19795\" src=\"https:\/\/drugprevent.org.uk\/ppp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/HAPPY-KIDS.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1252\" height=\"384\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drugprevent.org.uk\/ppp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/HAPPY-KIDS.jpg 1252w, https:\/\/drugprevent.org.uk\/ppp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/HAPPY-KIDS-640x196.jpg 640w, https:\/\/drugprevent.org.uk\/ppp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/HAPPY-KIDS-1024x314.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/drugprevent.org.uk\/ppp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/HAPPY-KIDS-768x236.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1252px) 100vw, 1252px\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"caption-attachment-112607\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;\">Understanding risk factors is crucial in modern drug prevention interventions, as it enables us to address the root causes of substance use and promote protective factors such as strong family bonds, engagement with school, and community support \u2013\u00a0<em>Image\u00a0<a id=\"author\" class=\"broken_link\" style=\"color: #0000ff;\" role=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.canva.com\/design\/DAGp3nvoHCM\/u_0FFaIC5PJq6YcTnZZdWw\/edit#\">by stokpic<\/a>\u00a0from\u00a0<a id=\"brand\" class=\"broken_link\" style=\"color: #0000ff;\" role=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.canva.com\/design\/DAGp3nvoHCM\/u_0FFaIC5PJq6YcTnZZdWw\/edit#\">pixabay, via Canva<\/a><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;\"><strong>Rather than raising awareness of the \u2018dangers of drugs\u2019,<\/strong>\u00a0most initiatives today prefer to target risk factors and protective factors at the individual, family, community and environmental levels. These interventions are designed to be person-centred, while taking into account the many complex interactions between personal and environmental factors that may make certain populations more vulnerable to substance use or addiction.\u00a0<em>However, this has not always been the case. So what was prevention like before? Is prevention today so different from what it was in the past?<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;\"><strong>The origins of prevention: combating the ravages of alcohol<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;\">All forms of prevention stem from the 19th-century school of thought influenced by Pasteur\u2019s work on the spread of disease:\u00a0<em>hygienism<\/em>. This developed in a society plagued by diseases such as tuberculosis and cholera, which were widespread in most European countries, as well as in India, the United States and Canada.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;\">With regard to substance use, it was alcohol that initially became the focus of efforts in Western countries. . In the countries concerned, the Industrial Revolution caused a profound change in drinking habits and exacerbated related problems. The advent of industrialization precipitated a period of exponential growth in the production, transportation and commercialization of alcohol. In urban areas, which experienced a significant increase in population following the rural exodus, millions of workers, reliant on their employers and lacking in social rights, found solace in alcohol, which had become readily available and inexpensive. Alcohol consumption increased significantly, as did the associated problems.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"entradilla\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<div class=\"featured-box\">\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;\"><em>At the time, excessive drinkers were seen as a threat to their jobs, their families and society as a whole. In response, the temperance movement gained strength in America and Europe in an effort to combat alcoholism.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;\">The temperance movement, a group of religious associations and leagues committed to combating the social ills of alcoholism, fought against the consumption of alcohol in the name of morality, good manners and the protection of the family unit. The influence of this movement grew until it reached its zenith in the early 20th century with the advent of alcohol prohibition laws, not only in the United States, but also in Canada, Finland and Russia \u2013 with the results we all know.<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_112610\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drugprevent.org.uk\/ppp\/2025\/08\/a-brief-history-of-drug-prevention\/ghosties\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-19796\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-19796\" src=\"https:\/\/drugprevent.org.uk\/ppp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/GHOSTIES.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1247\" height=\"378\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drugprevent.org.uk\/ppp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/GHOSTIES.jpg 1247w, https:\/\/drugprevent.org.uk\/ppp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/GHOSTIES-640x194.jpg 640w, https:\/\/drugprevent.org.uk\/ppp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/GHOSTIES-1024x310.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/drugprevent.org.uk\/ppp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/GHOSTIES-768x233.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1247px) 100vw, 1247px\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"caption-attachment-112610\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;\">\u201cThe voluntary slave\u201d \u2013 press illustration published in \u201cLa Fraternit\u00e9\u201d (France) for the Popular Anti-alcoholic league, author\u00a0<a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/histoire-image.org\/etudes\/adolphe-leon-willette-promotion-denonciation-alcool\">Adolphe Willette<\/a>\u00a0\u2013 circa 1875 \u2013\u00a0<em>Adapted from screenshot from\u00a0<a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/histoire-image.org\/etudes\/adolphe-leon-willette-promotion-denonciation-alcool\">L\u2019histoire par l\u2019image<\/a><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;\"><strong>What about illegal drugs?<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;\">At the dawn of the 20th century, the concept of \u2018illegal\u2019 drugs had yet to be established. Europe and America had recently discovered a \u2018remarkable substance\u2019 \u2013 cocaine \u2013 lauded for its medicinal properties, touted as a panacea for all maladies. Initially imported in small quantities for medical research, its use grew rapidly, particularly within the medical community, and it was prescribed to treat a wide range of ailments, from toothache to morphine addiction. Sigmund Freud himself\u00a0<a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/books.google.es\/books\/about\/Cocaine_Papers.html?id=xL0ezQEACAAJ&amp;redir_esc=y\">considered at the time cocaine to be a highly effective medicine<\/a>\u00a0for depression and stomach problems without causing addiction or side effects. With regard to cannabis and hashish, these were still available for purchase in all reputable pharmacies,\u00a0<a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/bocarecoverycenter.com\/opioids\/heroin\/bayer-history-timeline\/\">while heroin<\/a>, a registered trademark of the Bayer pharmaceutical company, was regarded as a sovereign remedy for\u2026 coughs.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"entradilla\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;\"><em>It should be noted that the issue of substance addiction had not yet manifested itself in the context of affluent, colonizing nations. Elsewhere, the perspective was somewhat different: in a distant country \u2013 China \u2013 opium had already been wreaking havoc for several decades.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;\">Introduced and marketed by Europeans, it had become a pervasive national scourge affecting millions of Chinese people. Opium\u00a0 addiction is a prime example of the impact of colonialism on local societies: not only did it trigger two wars against Western powers concerned solely with their economic interests (profits from the opium trade), but it also had profound social and political consequences that are still felt today.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;\">The Western countries\u2019 \u2018honeymoon\u2019 with drugs was not to last. The problems they posed became apparent rapidly and, under the influence of American temperance leagues, they swiftly transitioned from being regarded as a universal remedy to being perceived as a threat to society and moral values. This marked the beginning of American policies predicated on drug control (or the war on drugs, depending on one\u2019s perspective), which would shape global policies in this domain for over a century.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;\"><strong>The demonization of \u2018drugs\u2019<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;\">The demonisation of drugs, the effects of which were felt from the beginning of the 20th century, is closely associated with a set of social, racial, political and economic dynamics that resulted in the stigmatization of both the substances themselves and the people who consumed them. As early as 1906, the United States initiated the legislative process, and the phenomenon grew until it culminated in a particularly restrictive and repressive international drug control policy \u2013 but that is another matter.<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_112613\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drugprevent.org.uk\/ppp\/2025\/08\/a-brief-history-of-drug-prevention\/devils-weed\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-19797\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-19797\" src=\"https:\/\/drugprevent.org.uk\/ppp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/dEVILS-WEED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1258\" height=\"396\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drugprevent.org.uk\/ppp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/dEVILS-WEED.jpg 1258w, https:\/\/drugprevent.org.uk\/ppp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/dEVILS-WEED-640x201.jpg 640w, https:\/\/drugprevent.org.uk\/ppp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/dEVILS-WEED-1024x322.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/drugprevent.org.uk\/ppp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/dEVILS-WEED-768x242.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1258px) 100vw, 1258px\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"caption-attachment-112613\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;\">In the 1930s, the American government initiated a media offensive involving the use of racist stereotypes, sensationalist media, and political propaganda to portray cannabis as a dangerous substance that led to violence, insanity, and moral decay.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;\"><strong>The process of demonizing drugs was gradual yet unstoppable.<\/strong>\u00a0The discourse surrounding narcotics such as morphine, opium and heroin was initially shaped by their association with specific demographic groups, namely minorities, the economically disadvantaged, and migrants. This demonization continued over the following decades, fuelled by media sensationalism and public panic, particularly around the use of cocaine and cannabis \u2013 substances that were claimed to be the root cause of criminal behaviour and moral corruption.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"entradilla\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;\"><em>The criminalization and stigmatization of substances and those who use them have had a profound impact. Not only have they perpetuated and reinforced racist prejudices against Afro-descendant, Latin American and other historically marginalized communities, but they have also completely distorted the approaches and prevention efforts implemented subsequently.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;\"><strong>Early drug prevention initiatives<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;\">Before the 1960s, the \u2018drug phenomenon\u2019 was virtually non-existent in industrialised countries. Apart from a few opium enthusiasts, alcohol and tobacco reigned supreme in the field of substance addiction.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;\">From the 1960s onwards, there was a rapid increase in the use of illegal drugs in the United States, particularly among the counterculture movement. The use of LSD and cannabis \u2013 and, to a lesser extent, amphetamines and heroin \u2013 spread and became a symbol of rebellion against authority, as part of a broader movement focused on social change.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;\">Within the collective imagination, the 1960s are often regarded as the golden age of illegal drug use. This period was characterised by widespread use of cannabis, as well as the significant distribution of heroin among children in impoverished neighbourhoods. Notable figures such as Timothy Leary, a prominent Harvard professor, popularised the effects of LSD. However, an analysis of historical data reveals that the phenomenon was not as widespread as is commonly believed. Conversely, however, there was a marked increase in the perception of risk associated with drugs. For instance, in 1969, a mere 4% of American adults\u00a0<a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/news.gallup.com\/poll\/6331\/decades-drug-use-data-from-60s-70s.aspx\">reported having used cannabis at least once.<\/a>\u00a0However, 48% of respondents indicated that drug use was a serious problem.<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_112616\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drugprevent.org.uk\/ppp\/2025\/08\/a-brief-history-of-drug-prevention\/brain-on-eggs\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-19798\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-19798\" src=\"https:\/\/drugprevent.org.uk\/ppp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/BRAIN-ON-EGGS.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1254\" height=\"356\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drugprevent.org.uk\/ppp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/BRAIN-ON-EGGS.jpg 1254w, https:\/\/drugprevent.org.uk\/ppp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/BRAIN-ON-EGGS-640x182.jpg 640w, https:\/\/drugprevent.org.uk\/ppp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/BRAIN-ON-EGGS-1024x291.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/drugprevent.org.uk\/ppp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/BRAIN-ON-EGGS-768x218.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1254px) 100vw, 1254px\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"caption-attachment-112616\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;\">While many current prevention efforts have a solid theoretical basis and evidence of effectiveness, historic prevention strategies were often based on intuition and guesswork, with an emphasis on such scare tactics as the one depicted above (\u201cYour brain on drugs\u201d campaign, initially launched in 1987)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;\"><strong>The notion of prevention as a concept was first developed in the early 1960s<\/strong>\u00a0within the domain of mental health and behavioural disorders. In the context of drug policy, the first initiatives were echoing the pervasive fear of drugs that was prevalent in both America and Europe during that period. Logically, the primary initiatives were consistent with the propaganda campaigns initiated in previous decades with the objective of demonizing cannabis.\u00a0<em>The objective of these initial prevention initiatives was not to promote education, but rather to instil a sense of fear and intimidation.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"entradilla\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<div class=\"featured-box\">\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;\"><em>\u2018People of my generation were taught that cannabis caused acne, blindness and sterility. It was a tactic based on fear, not on educating people.\u2019<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;\">Children and young people in the 1960s and 1970s were no more stupid than anyone else and just as observant. They quickly realised that the messages promoted by schools and families did not correspond to reality.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;\"><strong>So simple, \u2018Just Say No\u2019.<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;\">In 1971, Richard Nixon declared\u00a0<em>drug abuse<\/em>\u00a0\u2018public enemy number one\u2019 and launched a widespread campaign against drug use, distribution and trafficking. This marked the beginning of a government policy that led to the incarceration of both traffickers and users. The policy would have far-reaching consequences for many countries, whilst in the United States it would have a disproportionately negative impact on the Black community.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/drugprevent.org.uk\/ppp\/2025\/08\/a-brief-history-of-drug-prevention\/jsno\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-19799\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-19799\" src=\"https:\/\/drugprevent.org.uk\/ppp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/jsnO.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1262\" height=\"406\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drugprevent.org.uk\/ppp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/jsnO.jpg 1262w, https:\/\/drugprevent.org.uk\/ppp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/jsnO-640x206.jpg 640w, https:\/\/drugprevent.org.uk\/ppp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/jsnO-1024x329.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/drugprevent.org.uk\/ppp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/jsnO-768x247.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1262px) 100vw, 1262px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;\">The notion that one should \u2018Just Say No\u2019 to drugs is predicated on a rudimentary interpretation of the\u00a0<a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rational_choice_model\">rational choice model<\/a>, according to which people choose their behaviour in order to maximize rewards and minimize costs (negative consequences).<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_112619\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/drugprevent.org.uk\/ppp\/2025\/08\/a-brief-history-of-drug-prevention\/nancy-2\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-19801\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-19801\" src=\"https:\/\/drugprevent.org.uk\/ppp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/NANCY-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1258\" height=\"355\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drugprevent.org.uk\/ppp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/NANCY-1.jpg 1258w, https:\/\/drugprevent.org.uk\/ppp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/NANCY-1-640x181.jpg 640w, https:\/\/drugprevent.org.uk\/ppp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/NANCY-1-1024x289.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/drugprevent.org.uk\/ppp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/NANCY-1-768x217.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1258px) 100vw, 1258px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p id=\"caption-attachment-112619\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;\">Nancy Reagan at a \u201cJust Say No\u201d rally at the White House in May 1986 \u2013\u00a0<em>White House Photographic Collection, public domain<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;\"><strong>The D.A.R.E. programme: information is not enough<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;\">From 1983 onwards, this concept became central to the D.A.R.E. (<a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Drug_Abuse_Resistance_Education\">Drug Abuse Resistance Education<\/a>) programme. Initially implemented in Los Angeles, this school-based programme aimed to help young people understand that the harmful consequences of drug use far outweigh any perceived benefits. Young people can therefore avoid these consequences by refusing to take drugs.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;\">The D.A.R.E programme\u2019s model was based on three key elements: 1) drugs are bad; 2) when children understand how bad drugs are, they will avoid using them; and 3) the message is more effective when delivered by police officers, who are considered credible.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;\">The programme was subsequently developed in the United Kingdom, and a similar model was adopted elsewhere in Europe during the same period \u2014 notably by associations of rehabilitated individuals \u2014 which replaced the credibility of police officers with that of former drug users \u2018who could speak from experience\u2019.<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_112625\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drugprevent.org.uk\/ppp\/2025\/08\/a-brief-history-of-drug-prevention\/dare-officer-2-2\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-19803\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-19803\" src=\"https:\/\/drugprevent.org.uk\/ppp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/DARE-OFFICER-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1248\" height=\"368\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drugprevent.org.uk\/ppp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/DARE-OFFICER-2.jpg 1248w, https:\/\/drugprevent.org.uk\/ppp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/DARE-OFFICER-2-640x189.jpg 640w, https:\/\/drugprevent.org.uk\/ppp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/DARE-OFFICER-2-1024x302.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/drugprevent.org.uk\/ppp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/DARE-OFFICER-2-768x226.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1248px) 100vw, 1248px\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"caption-attachment-112625\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;\">In response to findings on the ineffectiveness of the DARE programme, a new curriculum was developed (2009) with a stronger focus on interactive activities and decision-making skills, moving away from the traditional lecture-based approach by a police officer \u2013\u00a0<em>AI-generated image, via Canva<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;\"><strong>Over the years, the programme has been the subject of extensive study.<\/strong>\u00a0One study found that people who completed the programme\u00a0<a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/19980629095917\/http:\/www.pdkintl.org\/edres\/resbul19.htm\">had higher levels of drug use<\/a>\u00a0than those who did not.\u00a0<a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.scientificamerican.com\/article\/why-just-say-no-doesnt-work\/\">Another study found<\/a>\u00a0that teenagers enrolled in the D.A.R.E programme\u00a0<em>\u201cwere just as likely to use drugs as those who received no intervention\u201d.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;\"><strong>The impact of popular culture<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;\">The aim here is not to portray the D.A.R.E. programme or similar interventions solely in an unfavourable or ridiculous light. Even though it has lost its central position, the programme is still implemented in most US states, and according to its website, it has been d<a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/dare.org\/where-is-d-a-r-e\/\">eveloped in 29 countries<\/a>\u00a0since its creation. It is true that the programme has since been adapted to incorporate various aspects, such as resistance to peer pressure and the development of social skills.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;\">However, these initiatives face a major difficulty from the outset. As we know, experimentation and risk-taking are part of normal adolescent development, which is why providing young people with detailed information about different substances is likely to arouse their interest in these drugs, especially if the information is not presented in an appropriate manner. Secondly, this type of strategy only has an impact on young people who are susceptible to alarmist messages because of their cognitive patterns, and is not effective for everyone else, as we now know.<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_112622\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drugprevent.org.uk\/ppp\/2025\/08\/a-brief-history-of-drug-prevention\/dare-car\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-19804\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-19804\" src=\"https:\/\/drugprevent.org.uk\/ppp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/DARE-car.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1258\" height=\"331\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drugprevent.org.uk\/ppp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/DARE-car.jpg 1258w, https:\/\/drugprevent.org.uk\/ppp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/DARE-car-640x168.jpg 640w, https:\/\/drugprevent.org.uk\/ppp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/DARE-car-1024x269.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/drugprevent.org.uk\/ppp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/DARE-car-768x202.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1258px) 100vw, 1258px\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"caption-attachment-112622\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;\">Officers in the DARE programme would sometimes arrive in sports cars seized from drug traffickers to exemplify their message on drugs and crime (Crime does not pay) \u2013 A Pontiac Firebird in D.A.R.E. livery in Evesham Township, New Jersey \u2013<em>\u00a0image:\u00a0<span class=\"mw-mmv-author\"><a class=\"external text\" style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/45383134@N00\" rel=\"nofollow\">Jay Reed<\/a><\/span>\u00a0\u2013\u00a0<span class=\"mw-mmv-source\"><a class=\"external text\" style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/45383134@N00\/217132982\" rel=\"nofollow\">Flickr<\/a>, licence:\u00a0<a class=\"mw-mmv-license\" style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/2.0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CC BY-SA 2.0<\/a><\/span><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;\"><strong>Furthermore, when talking about drugs, one must also consider the influence of popular culture,<\/strong>\u00a0which, without openly glorifying substance use, often portrays alcohol, tobacco, and\u00a0<a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/royallifecenters.com\/drug-glorification-in-pop-culture-the-addiction-behind-your-television-screen\/\">other drugs in a favourable light<\/a>, particularly at an age when young people are most receptive.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;\">We now know that providing information about drugs is not enough to make for a good prevention policy. While education and awareness can always play an important role, they are not sufficient, nor even necessary, to prevent addiction.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;\"><strong>Should we talk about drugs to prevent drug use?<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;\">According to Dr Rebecca Haines-Saah, who spoke at a\u00a0<a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dianova.org\/news\/growing-up-safe-prevention-strategies-for-children-and-adolescents\/#ancre7\">webinar organised by Dianova<\/a>\u00a0last May, the most effective drug prevention strategies do not focus on drugs, but on much broader social issues, such as reducing poverty, combating discrimination and implementing targeted community programmes.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"entradilla\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<div class=\"featured-box\">\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;\"><em>Some prevention strategies even choose not to mention drugs at all, yet they have proven effective in reducing substance use by focusing on broader social, environmental and behavioural factors.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;\">These approaches aim to create conditions that indirectly discourage drug use, particularly by strengthening social skills and improving people\u2019s living conditions. For example, programmes focused on improving the school environment, teaching social skills or promoting healthy lifestyles can have a positive impact on reducing substance use without explicitly targeting drugs.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;\">Similarly, family interventions that strengthen parent-child relationships and improve communication can also help prevent substance misuse by targeting underlying risk factors. These strategies highlight the importance of a holistic approach to prevention that goes far beyond direct drug education.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;\"><strong>Prevention is a science<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;\">Preventing substance use \u2013 i.e. the use of all psychoactive substances regardless of their legal status \u2013 \u00a0involves helping people, particularly young people, to avoid using substances. If they have already used substances, the objective is to prevent them from developing substance use disorders (problematic use or dependence).<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;\">However, the overall objective is much broader, as highlighted by the UNODC in the second edition of the International Standards on Drug Use Prevention. It also involves ensuring that children and adolescents grow up healthy and safe, so they can fulfil their potential and become active and productive members of society.<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_112659\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/drugprevent.org.uk\/ppp\/2025\/08\/a-brief-history-of-drug-prevention\/dominoes\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-19805\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-19805\" src=\"https:\/\/drugprevent.org.uk\/ppp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/dominoes.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1258\" height=\"311\" srcset=\"https:\/\/drugprevent.org.uk\/ppp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/dominoes.jpg 1258w, https:\/\/drugprevent.org.uk\/ppp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/dominoes-640x158.jpg 640w, https:\/\/drugprevent.org.uk\/ppp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/dominoes-1024x253.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/drugprevent.org.uk\/ppp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/dominoes-768x190.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1258px) 100vw, 1258px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p id=\"caption-attachment-112659\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;\">Drug prevention is now grounded in research and evidence-based practices. This multi-disciplinary field has developed over the last forty years, aiming to improve public health by identifying risk and protective factors, assessing the efficacy of preventive interventions, and identifying optimal means for dissemination and diffusion \u2013\u00a0<em>\u00a0<a id=\"author\" class=\"broken_link\" style=\"color: #0000ff;\" role=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.canva.com\/design\/DAGp3nvoHCM\/u_0FFaIC5PJq6YcTnZZdWw\/edit#\">AndreyPopov<\/a>\u00a0from\u00a0<a id=\"brand\" class=\"broken_link\" style=\"color: #0000ff;\" role=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.canva.com\/design\/DAGp3nvoHCM\/u_0FFaIC5PJq6YcTnZZdWw\/edit#\">Getty Images<\/a>, via Canva<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;\"><strong>There is now a vast body of literature on substance use prevention.<\/strong>\u00a0Its aim is to highlight effective and less effective strategies based on scientific evidence in order to guide decision-makers and practitioners in the field in their choices. Despite this, prevention activities are still sometimes poorly prepared and based primarily on beliefs or ideologies rather than scientific knowledge.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;\">At Dianova, we believe that addiction prevention, particularly among young people, must take into account societal changes (new drugs, new patterns of use, changes in legislation, etc.) using scientifically validated strategies based on standards and methodological guidelines.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;\">These strategies are based in particular on:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;\">The acquisition of\u00a0<strong>psychosocial skills<\/strong>\u00a0(problem solving, decision-making, interpersonal skills, stress management, etc.),<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;\">Interventions aimed at developing\u00a0<strong>parenting skills<\/strong>\u00a0(e.g. communication skills, conflict management, setting boundaries, etc.),<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;\">Prevention strategies tailored to young people with vulnerability factors (e.g. those whose parents suffer from substance use disorders) and taking into account gender perspectives, abandoning androcentric strategies that obscure the situation of girls and LGBTQI+ communities.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;\">In conclusion, we must bear in mind the mistakes of the past so as not to repeat them and, above all, understand that no prevention system is sufficient on its own. Whatever approach is chosen, effective prevention systems must be evidence-based and integrated into broader, balanced systems that focus on health promotion, the treatment of substance use disorders, risk and harm reduction, and countering drug trafficking.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"entradilla\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;\"><em>Effective, science-based programmes that can make a real difference to people\u2019s lives can only be developed by integrating all these elements.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff; font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;\"><em><strong>Source: https:\/\/www.dianova.org\/publications\/a-brief-history-of-drug-prevention\/<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp; OPENING REMARK BY NDPA: Dianova presents itself as a &#8220;Swiss NGO recognized as a Public Utility organization, committed to social progress&#8221;.\u00a0Examination of their publications places them as an organisation which is less committed to primary prevention than to reactive approaches, such as harm reduction. A telling quote in this context comes in their publication [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[73,129,68,141,64,20,46,119,40,139,36,61],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-19788","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-addiction","category-culture","category-drug-use-various-effects","category-harm-reduction-research","category-health","category-others","category-parents","category-prevalence","category-prevention-research","category-strategy-and-policy","category-treatment-addiction","category-youth"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/drugprevent.org.uk\/ppp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19788","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/drugprevent.org.uk\/ppp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/drugprevent.org.uk\/ppp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/drugprevent.org.uk\/ppp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/drugprevent.org.uk\/ppp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=19788"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/drugprevent.org.uk\/ppp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19788\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":20112,"href":"https:\/\/drugprevent.org.uk\/ppp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19788\/revisions\/20112"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/drugprevent.org.uk\/ppp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=19788"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/drugprevent.org.uk\/ppp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=19788"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/drugprevent.org.uk\/ppp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=19788"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}